endomykorrhizních

Endomykorrhizní refers to a type of symbiotic association between fungi and plant roots, specifically belonging to the Glomeromycotina. This is the most widespread and ancient type of mycorrhizal symbiosis, found in approximately 80% of terrestrial plant species. The name "endo" signifies that the fungal hyphae penetrate the plant root cells, forming specialized structures within the host cells.

Within the root cortex, the endomycorrhizal fungi create arbuscules, which are highly branched, tree-like structures that serve as the primary sites of nutrient exchange. They also form vesicles, which are storage organs, and sometimes hyphae that grow within the root tissues. The fungal hyphae extend extensively into the soil, vastly increasing the surface area available for nutrient and water absorption for the plant.

In return for these vital resources, the plant provides the fungus with carbohydrates, primarily sugars produced during photosynthesis. This mutualistic relationship is crucial for plant health and survival, particularly in nutrient-poor soils. Endomycorrhizal fungi enhance the uptake of phosphorus, nitrogen, and micronutrients, while also improving plant tolerance to drought stress and pathogens. The formation of this symbiosis is often triggered by specific plant root exudates.