Endomykorrhizní

Endomykorrhizní refers to a type of mycorrhizal symbiosis where the fungal hyphae penetrate the cells of the plant root. This contrasts with ectomycorrhizae, where the fungus forms a sheath around the root and only penetrates between the root cells. Endomycorrhizae are the most widespread type of mycorrhizal association, found in approximately 80% of all plant species. The most common form of endomycorrhizae is arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM), where the fungus forms specialized structures called arbuscules within the root cortical cells. These arbuscules are highly branched and serve as the primary site for nutrient exchange between the fungus and the plant. The fungus receives carbohydrates produced by the plant through photosynthesis, while the plant benefits from increased uptake of water and mineral nutrients, particularly phosphorus and nitrogen, from the soil. Endomycorrhizal fungi are obligate biotrophs, meaning they require a living host plant to complete their life cycle. They reproduce through spores that can survive in the soil for extended periods. The symbiosis plays a crucial role in plant health, growth, and survival, especially in nutrient-poor soils.