endocannabinoidi

Endocannabinoids are a class of lipid-based neurotransmitters produced by the body that are part of the endocannabinoid system. This system plays a crucial role in regulating a wide range of physiological processes, including mood, appetite, pain sensation, memory, and immune function. The term "endocannabinoid" itself is derived from "endogenous," meaning originating within the body, and "cannabinoid," referring to compounds that interact with cannabinoid receptors.

The two main endocannabinoids identified are anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). These molecules are synthesized on demand in response to neuronal activity and are released from postsynaptic neurons. They then travel across the synaptic cleft and bind to cannabinoid receptors, primarily CB1 and CB2 receptors, located on presynaptic neurons. This binding typically inhibits the release of other neurotransmitters, acting as a retrograde messenger to modulate neural signaling.

CB1 receptors are predominantly found in the central nervous system, while CB2 receptors are more concentrated in the peripheral nervous system and immune cells. The endocannabinoid system is involved in maintaining homeostasis, the stable internal environment of the body. Dysregulation of this system has been implicated in various neurological and psychiatric disorders, as well as in conditions like chronic pain and inflammation. Research into the endocannabinoid system continues to explore its therapeutic potential for a variety of health issues.