encefalite

Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain, often caused by viral infections. It can be acute, with symptoms developing rapidly, or chronic, with symptoms appearing gradually. Common symptoms include fever, headache, stiffness in the neck, confusion, and seizures. In severe cases, encephalitis can lead to coma or death. The most common causes are viruses such as herpes simplex virus, enteroviruses, and arboviruses. Other causes include bacterial infections, autoimmune disorders, and certain medications. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests such as blood tests, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and imaging studies like MRI or CT scans. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and supporting the body's immune response. For viral encephalitis, antiviral medications may be prescribed. In some cases, hospitalization may be necessary for intensive care. Prevention involves vaccination against certain viral infections, good hygiene practices, and avoiding exposure to known pathogens. Encephalitis is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention to prevent long-term complications and improve outcomes.