emäsmuutoksia
Emäsmuutoksia, or base changes, refer to modifications in the nucleotide sequence of DNA or RNA where one base is substituted for another. These changes are a fundamental source of genetic variation. In DNA, the four bases are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). An emäsmuutos can occur when, for example, an adenine is replaced by a guanine.
These substitutions can be categorized based on the type of base involved. A purine base (A or
The consequences of an emäsmuutos depend on where it occurs in the genetic material. If the change