emulsionswaterinoilinwater
Water-in-oil-in-water emulsions, commonly abbreviated as W/O/W, are a class of multiple emulsions in which water droplets are dispersed within oil droplets that are themselves dispersed in a continuous water phase. These systems enable encapsulation of both hydrophilic and lipophilic agents and can provide protection, masking of tastes, and controlled release of active ingredients.
In these systems, the inner water phase (W1) is encapsulated by a lipophilic oil phase (O), which
Production usually involves a two-step emulsification. A primary W1/O emulsion is prepared, then this emulsion is
Stability and challenges: W/O/W emulsions are prone to coalescence, Ostwald ripening, diffusion of oil droplets, phase
Applications: In pharmaceuticals, W/O/W emulsions are used for controlled release of hydrophilic drugs, protection of sensitive
Limitations: complex formulation, stability concerns, potential incompatibilities with ingredients, regulatory considerations, and higher production costs. Ongoing