elektrolytm

Elektrolytm, or electrolyte, is a substance that dissociates into ions in a solution or molten state, enabling electrical conduction. The term reflects the ability to produce mobile charged particles that carry current. Elektrolytm include salts, acids, and bases.

In solution, elektrolytm are classified as strong or weak depending on the extent of dissociation. Strong elektrolytm, such as sodium chloride and hydrochloric acid, release nearly all available ions. Weak elektrolytm, like acetic acid, dissociate only partially. Substances that do not ionize, such as sugar, are called non-electrolytes.

In biology, elektrolytm are minerals in body fluids that maintain osmotic balance, nerve function, muscle activity, and pH. The main elektrolytm include sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, calcium, and magnesium. The body regulates these via kidneys, hormones, and fluid intake; disturbances can cause dehydration, cramps, seizures, or arrhythmias. Treatments such as oral rehydration solutions or IV fluids are used to restore balance.

Industrially, elektrolytm are central to electrochemical processes, including electroplating, metal refining, and energy storage. Electrolyte solutions or molten salts enable controlled ion transport and reactions; lithium salts in organic solvents power many rechargeable batteries, while molten sulfates enable aluminum production.

Measurement of elektrolytm involves assessing ion concentrations, electrical conductivity, and osmolality. Safety considerations include chemical hazards of concentrated elektrolytm and the clinical risks associated with electrolyte imbalance.