elektrolytische

Elektrolytische is the German adjective used to describe processes, devices, or substances relating to electrolysis or to electrolytes. In chemistry and electrochemistry, it distinguishes externally powered (electric energy driven) processes from spontaneous ones.

In an electrolytic cell, an electrolyte conducts ions between two electrodes. Applying an external voltage causes cations to migrate to the cathode where they are reduced, and anions to migrate to the anode where they are oxidized; the overall reaction often decomposes a compound, for example water being split into hydrogen and oxygen. The direction and rate of the reactions depend on the electrolyte composition, temperature, applied potential, and electrode materials.

Common applications include electroplating and metal refining, where metal ions are deposited or dissolved under an electric current, and the chlor-alkali process that produces chlorine gas and sodium hydroxide. Electrolytic deposition and electrochemical synthesis rely on controlled current density and electrode choices to achieve desired products. In electronics, the term also appears in electrolytic capacitors, which store energy using an electrolyte as part of the capacitor structure. Safety and environmental considerations involve handling caustic electrolytes, managing gas evolution, and ensuring proper containment and ventilation.