elektrochemically

Elektrochemically (often written electrochemically in English) is the adverb describing processes governed by electrochemistry, the field that studies chemical reactions involving electron transfer and the coupling of chemical and electrical energy. Such processes typically occur at the interface between an electrode and an electrolyte and may involve current flowing through an external circuit.

Electrochemical systems include galvanic (voltaic) cells, which generate electrical energy from chemical reactions, and electrolytic cells, where external energy drives non-spontaneous reactions. Central concepts are electrode potentials and redox couples, which establish the driving force for electron transfer. The Nernst equation relates potentials to concentrations and temperature, while Faraday’s laws link the amount of material transformed at an electrode to the total electric charge passed.

Applications of electrochemical processes are wide-ranging, including energy storage and conversion (batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells), electrolysis for chemical production (such as the chlor-alkali process and hydrogen evolution), electroplating and other metal finishing, corrosion and its protection, and electrochemical sensing and analytics.

Common techniques used to study electrochemical systems include cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, chrono potentiometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. These methods probe reaction kinetics, mass transport, diffusion layers, and interfacial properties, contributing to understanding and improving devices and processes that operate on electrochemical principles.