electronen
Electronen (electrons) are negatively charged elementary subatomic particles with a rest mass of about 9.109 × 10^-31 kilograms and a charge of −1 elementary charge, equal to −1.602 × 10^-19 coulombs. They are one of the fundamental constituents of atoms and play a key role in electricity and chemistry. Electrons are classified as leptons, a family of fermions with spin 1/2.
Discovery: In 1897, J. J. Thomson using cathode-ray tubes showed that atoms contain negatively charged particles
Structure and behavior: In modern physics, electrons are described by quantum mechanics as wavefunctions. They do
Interactions and applications: Electrons act as charge carriers in electrical conductors, semiconductors, and plasmas. They participate