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An exploration rover is an unmanned vehicle designed to traverse and explore extraterrestrial surfaces, such as those of other planets or moons. These rovers are typically equipped with a variety of scientific instruments to collect data on the environment, geology, and potential signs of life. They are often remotely controlled from Earth, although some have the capability for autonomous operation.

Exploration rovers have been a cornerstone of space exploration, providing valuable insights into the geology and potential habitability of other worlds. Notable examples include the Mars rovers Spirit, Opportunity, Curiosity, and Perseverance, which have conducted extensive research on the Martian surface. Other exploration rovers have been sent to the Moon, such as the Soviet Lunokhods, and to other celestial bodies like Saturn's moon Titan, with the Huygens probe.

The design of exploration rovers varies depending on the mission objectives and the environment they are intended to explore. Key components include mobility systems, power sources, communication systems, and scientific payloads. Mobility systems often use wheels or tracks to navigate the terrain, while power sources can range from solar panels to radioisotope thermoelectric generators. Communication systems enable data transmission back to Earth, and scientific payloads are tailored to the specific goals of the mission.

Exploration rovers have significantly expanded our understanding of the solar system, paving the way for future human exploration and potential colonization. Their ability to traverse challenging terrains and collect detailed data makes them indispensable tools in the pursuit of scientific discovery beyond Earth.