ekspansion

Ekspansion is the process by which something becomes larger, more extensive, or more influential. It can refer to physical increases in size or volume, as well as to growth in scope, importance, or reach. The term is a cognate of the English word expansion and is used in Indonesian and Malay contexts, where it may appear as ekspansi or, less commonly, as ekspansion in loanword form.

In science, ekspansion describes phenomena such as the thermal expansion of materials, the expansion of gases when heated, or the expansion of the universe, which refers to the increasing separation between distant galaxies over cosmological time. In mathematics, expansion denotes representing a function or expression as a series or product, such as a binomial or Taylor series expansion.

In economics and business, ekspansion refers to strategies that widen a company’s market presence, geographic footprint, or product lines, including expansion into new regions, mergers and acquisitions, or capacity expansion. In geopolitics and history, territorial or imperial ekspansion describes the growth of a state’s borders or influence through conquest, diplomacy, or colonization. In sociology and cultural studies, cultural ekspansion can refer to the spread of ideas, practices, or technologies across regions and populations.

See also: expansion, enlargement, diffusion, proliferation, growth. The concept often contrasts with contraction or reduction, highlighting processes of increase and extension across different domains.