ekológii
Ekológii, or ecology, is the scientific study of the interactions among organisms and their physical environment, and of how these interactions shape the distribution, abundance, and behavior of living things. It covers the flow of energy and cycling of nutrients through living systems and examines how organisms adapt to and modify their surroundings. The field operates at multiple scales, from individuals and populations to communities, ecosystems, landscapes, and the biosphere.
The term ecology was coined in the 19th century by the German biologist Ernst Haeckel, who defined
Subfields include population ecology, community ecology, ecosystem ecology, landscape ecology, conservation ecology, restoration ecology, and urban
Human activities—such as habitat alteration, pollution, climate change, and the introduction of nonnative species—affect ecosystems in