ehtsad

Ehtsad is a transliteration variant of the word for economy or economics in languages that use the Arabic script, most notably Persian (Farsi) and Arabic. In Persian, common romanizations include egtesad and eghtesad, while ehtsad appears as an alternative spelling in some Latin-script texts and educational materials. In Arabic, the related term iqtisad (اقتصاد) denotes both the economy and the discipline of economics, with al-iqtisad used in formal writing. Variants in spelling reflect differences in vowel representation and transliteration conventions.

Economics, the field referenced by ehtsad, is the social science that analyzes how individuals, firms, and governments allocate scarce resources to satisfy unlimited wants. It encompasses branches such as microeconomics, which studies individual choices and markets, and macroeconomics, which examines aggregate indicators such as GDP, inflation, and unemployment. The discipline also includes areas like econometrics, development economics, and financial economics. Economic policy, fiscal and monetary measures, trade, and development planning are common topics in policy discussions that appear in Persian- and Arabic-language media and scholarship, where the term ehtsad may be encountered in headlines and discussions of national or regional economies.

Ehtsad serves as a linguistic bridge in cross-language discourse, illustrating how key concepts travel between Arabic, Persian, and English. See also economy; economics; iqtisad.