e2e4

E2E4 refers to White's first move in chess in which the pawn on the e2 square advances two squares to e4 on its initial move. In algebraic notation this is written as e4; older descriptive or programmatic texts may use a hyphen or describe it as P-K4. It is one of the most traditional and widely used opening moves.

Strategic aims of the move include contest and control of the central squares, particularly d5 and f5, while freeing the queen and the king’s bishop for development. The move creates space for White’s pieces and often leads to open games with active piece play. The resulting positions can range from sharp and tactical to more positional, depending on Black’s response.

Common Black replies and typical openings arising from 1. e4 include: 1…e5, which leads to Open Games and openings such as the Ruy Lopez and Italian Game; 1…c5, which begins the Sicilian Defense; 1…e6, which leads to the French Defense; 1…c6, which leads to the Caro-Kann Defense; and 1…d5, which can lead to the Scandinavian Defense or other central structures.

The move 1. e4 is associated with several opening families. It marks the beginning of the King's Pawn Game and is often contrasted with 1. d4 as a pathway to different strategic themes. Over the centuries, e4 has remained a staple at all levels of play, including elite grandmaster competition, due to its direct claim on the center and its potential for rapid development and dynamic play.