dömer

Dömer is the present tense form of the Swedish verb döma, meaning to judge or to condemn, and in a legal context to decide a verdict or sentence. The verb belongs to the Germanic language family and derives from roots connected with judgment, law, and decision; the related noun dom means a verdict or judgment.

Forms and grammar: döma (infinitive), dömer (present), dömde (past), dömt (supine), dömd (past participle). In passive constructions the present form is döms, as in han döms till böter (he is fined) or domen är överdömd (the verdict is pronounced). In perfect tenses, forms use dömt as the supine, for example har dömt till fängelse (has sentenced to prison).

Usage: Dömer is used for both general judging and legal sentencing. In everyday language it can express moral or subjective judgments, as in att döma människor efter första intryck (to judge people by first impression). In legal contexts dömer refers to a judge issuing a verdict or a court imposing a sentence: Domstolen dömde fadern till böter (The court sentenced the man to fines); han dömdes till fem års fängelse (he was sentenced to five years in prison). The passive form döms is common when the speaker emphasizes the outcome rather than the actor.

Related terms: dom (verdict), domare (judge), domstol (court). The participle dömd is used adjectivally, as i en dömd brottsling (a convicted criminal). The term dömer thus covers both everyday judgment and formal judicial decision-making in Swedish.