dëgjuar

dëgjuar is the past participle of the Albanian verb dëgjoj, which means to hear or to listen. The basic infinitive form of the verb is dëgjoj. In present tense, the verb appears as unë dëgjoj, ti dëgjon, ai/ajo dëgjon, ne dëgjojmë, ju dëgjoni, ata dëgjojnë. The aorist or simple past forms include unë dëgjova, ti dëgjove, ai/ajo dëgjoi, ne dëgjovëm, ju dëgjuat, ata dëgjuan. The past participle dëgjuar is used with auxiliary verbs to form perfect tenses, for example kam dëgjuar (I have heard), ke dëgjuar (you have heard), ka dëgjuar (he/she has heard).

Dëgjuar also participates in future and imperative forms through standard verb conjugation, such as do të dëgjoj (I will hear) and dëgjo (hear!, imperative). The word dëgjim is a related noun meaning hearing or listening, and dëgjues refers to a listener or listener device in some contexts.

Usage and nuance: dëgjoj/po dëgjoj generally refers to perceiving sound in a literal sense, but may also appear in figurative expressions related to understanding or taking in information. The past participle dëgjuar is mainly used in compound tenses to indicate that the action of hearing has occurred, often with nonfinite or dependent clauses.

See also: Albanian verbs, verbal tense system, Albanian phonology. The form dëgjuar illustrates how Albanian uses participles to build compound tenses and connect related lexical items in a compact, morphologically rich system.