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Dynamics is a branch of mechanics that studies how forces affect the motion of objects. It is concerned with the causes of motion, such as forces, and how these causes influence the changes in an object's velocity. This is in contrast to kinematics, which describes motion without considering its causes.

Key concepts in dynamics include Newton's laws of motion. The first law states that an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. The second law quantifies the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration, often expressed as F=ma, where F is force, m is mass, and a is acceleration. The third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Dynamics is fundamental to understanding a vast range of phenomena, from the movement of planets and stars to the behavior of everyday objects. Engineers use dynamics to design everything from vehicles and aircraft to robots and machinery. Physicists employ its principles to explore complex systems in areas like fluid mechanics, particle physics, and celestial mechanics. The field relies on mathematical tools, particularly calculus, to model and predict the motion of systems under the influence of forces.