duttavalta

Duttavalta is a term that appears in ancient Indian legal and administrative texts, primarily the Arthashastra, attributed to Chanakya. It refers to the king's duty or responsibility to protect his subjects and their property. This concept is fundamental to the understanding of governance and kingship in ancient India, emphasizing the ruler's obligation to ensure the welfare and security of the people under his dominion.

The term itself is derived from Sanskrit roots, with "dutta" meaning given or entrusted, and "valta" signifying duty or responsibility. Therefore, duttavalta essentially means the entrusted duty of the king. This duty extended beyond mere protection from external enemies; it encompassed the maintenance of law and order, the administration of justice, and the provision of economic stability. A king who failed in his duttavalta was considered to have transgressed his dharma, or righteous duty, and could face severe consequences, including the loss of legitimacy or even deposition. The Arthashastra elaborates on various means by which the king could fulfill this duty, including the establishment of a strong administrative machinery, a well-functioning judiciary, and a robust economic policy. The concept highlights the reciprocal relationship between the ruler and the ruled, where the people owed loyalty and obedience in return for the king's protection and good governance.