downline
Downline refers to the network of participants who are linked to a given participant through recruitment in a multi-level marketing (MLM) or referral program. The person who recruits is called the upline; the recruited individuals comprise the first-generation downline, and the people they recruit form second-generation downline, and so on. The arrangement often forms a hierarchical or tree-like structure that spans multiple generations.
Downline management is central to MLM compensation plans. Members earn commissions, bonuses, or overrides based on
Common plan types include unilevel, binary, and matrix. In a unilevel plan, each member can sponsor an
Critics point to sustainability concerns and potential pyramid-like incentives, and many jurisdictions regulate MLMs to distinguish
In practice, a downline may include both distributors and customers.