doprowadza

Doprowadza is the third-person singular present tense form of the Polish imperfective verb doprowadzać, meaning to bring about, to lead to, or to cause a result. It is used to describe a ongoing or general tendency for something to cause a particular outcome. The related perfective form doprowadzić expresses a completed act that brings about a definite result.

Etymology and form: the verb is built from the prefix do- meaning “to,” combined with prowadzać, which means “to lead” or “to conduct.” The imperfective doprowadzać emphasizes process or repetition, while the perfective doprowadzić signals a single, completed event that results in a specific state. Doprowadza appears in sentences referring to present or habitual causation, whereas doprowadzi can be used for single past or future outcomes.

Usage notes: doprowadza is commonly used with a phrase in the genitive introduced by do, to denote the end state caused by an earlier action (for example, doprowadzić do konfliktu). It often appears in formal or written Polish, including journalism and academic writing. The verb is typically paired with nouns describing negative or significant outcomes, such as ruin, chaos, or conflict, though it can be neutral in some contexts depending on the outcome described.

Examples:

- Złe decyzje doprowadzają do problemów w firmie. (Poor decisions cause problems in the company.)

- Konflikt doprowadził do eskalacji. (The conflict led to an escalation.)

- Brak inwestycji doprowadził do spadku produkcji. (Lack of investment led to a drop in production.)

Translations: doprowadza corresponds to “he/she/it causes,” “leads to,” or “brings about” in English, with the perfective doprowadzić used for completed outcomes.