dolnými

Dolními is the instrumental plural form of the Czech adjective dolní, which means "lower" or "bottom." Dolní describes the part of something that is beneath or toward the bottom, often contrasted with horní, meaning "upper." Like other Czech adjectives, dolní declines to agree with the noun it modifies, and the instrumental plural form is dolními. Examples include dolními ulicemi (through the lower streets) or dolními domy (the lower houses).

In ordinary prose, dolními appears in phrases that indicate location or movement in the lower part of a scene or area, typically with a plural instrumental noun. The construction is common in descriptive writing and in expressions that specify route or direction.

In toponymy, dolní is a frequent component of Czech place names, signaling the lower part of a settlement or geographic feature. Examples include Dolní Benešov, Dolní Břežany and Dolní Město, which designate districts or municipalities that lie in a lower position relative to nearby areas. In many cases, such names are contrasted with horní, which marks an upper part of the same locality.

Etymology and related terms: dolní derives from a Slavic root dol- meaning "down" or "lower," and it forms a pair with horní in many Czech place names and expressions. The term is primarily a descriptive linguistic element rather than a proper noun.

See also: Horní; Dolní (disambiguation).