dolním

Dolním is a form of the Czech adjective dolní, meaning lower or bottom. It is used to describe location or position and appears in certain inflected forms depending on the noun it accompanies.

In grammar, dolním is the instrumental singular masculine or neuter form of dolní, as well as the locative singular for the same gender. It is used with masculine or neuter nouns in phrases indicating a lower position, such as in: ve dolním patře (in the lower floor) or na dolním konci cesty (at the lower end of the road). The form signals that the noun is being described in a non-nominative case and refers to a lower part or place relative to another.

Dolní as a word is common in Czech toponyms and descriptive compounds. In many place names, the word Dolní appears capitalized as part of a fixed toponym meaning “Lower,” often paired with another noun (for example, Dolní Benešov, Dolní Lhota). In these uses, the form is not declined within the name.

Etymology traces dolní to a Slavic root related to downward or lower, comparable to other cognates in Central European languages. While dolním is primarily a grammatical form, the underlying adjective dolní is widely employed in everyday language to indicate position, rank, or relative height in spatial descriptions.