distribuovaném

Distribuované refers to systems where components are located on different networked computers, which communicate and coordinate their actions by passing messages. This architecture contrasts with centralized systems where all processing occurs on a single machine. The primary goal of a distributed system is to share resources and provide fault tolerance.

Key characteristics of distributed systems include concurrency, where multiple computations occur simultaneously, and the absence of a global clock, meaning there is no single time reference shared by all components. Components in a distributed system can fail independently, and the system should ideally continue to function, a property known as fault tolerance. Scalability is another significant advantage, as more resources can be added to handle increased load.

Examples of distributed systems are widespread. The internet itself is a massive distributed system. Cloud computing platforms, peer-to-peer networks, and blockchain technologies are also prominent examples. Designing and managing distributed systems presents challenges, such as ensuring consistency of data across multiple nodes, handling network latency and partitions, and achieving consensus among disparate components. The complexity arises from the need to coordinate asynchronous operations and manage failures gracefully.