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Diode types refer to the various classifications and functionalities of semiconductor diodes. The most fundamental is the standard silicon or germanium junction diode, which allows current to flow in one direction and blocks it in the reverse direction. These are essential for rectification, converting alternating current to direct current.

Zener diodes are a specific type designed to operate in reverse breakdown. They maintain a constant voltage across them, making them ideal for voltage regulation and surge protection. Their breakdown voltage is precisely controlled during manufacturing.

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when current passes through them. They come in a wide spectrum of colors and are used in lighting, displays, and signaling.

Photodiodes are designed to convert light into an electrical current. They are sensitive to light and are used in light sensors, optical communication, and solar cells.

Schottky diodes have a lower forward voltage drop and faster switching speed compared to standard junction diodes. This is due to their metal-semiconductor junction. They are often used in high-frequency applications and power supplies.

Other diode types include varactor diodes (used as voltage-controlled capacitors), tunnel diodes (exhibiting negative differential resistance for high-speed switching), and transient voltage suppressors (TVS diodes) which are a type of Zener diode specifically designed for transient voltage suppression. Each type serves a distinct purpose in electronic circuits.