dihydrogenases

Dihydrogenases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the reversible oxidation of dihydrogen (H2) to protons (H+) and electrons, or the reduction of protons to dihydrogen. They play a crucial role in various biological processes, including anaerobic respiration, fermentation, and nitrogen fixation. Dihydrogenases are found in a wide range of organisms, from bacteria and archaea to plants and animals.

There are two main types of dihydrogenases: [NiFe]-hydrogenases and [FeFe]-hydrogenases. [NiFe]-hydrogenases contain a nickel-iron active site and are typically found in anaerobic bacteria and archaea. They are known for their high catalytic activity and efficiency. [FeFe]-hydrogenases, on the other hand, contain an iron-iron active site and are found in a broader range of organisms, including some plants and animals. They are often involved in the production of dihydrogen as a byproduct of metabolism.

Dihydrogenases are of significant interest in biotechnology and bioenergy research due to their potential to produce dihydrogen as a clean energy source. They are also studied for their role in the biogeochemical cycling of hydrogen and their potential applications in hydrogen-based medicine and biotechnology. However, the mechanisms by which dihydrogenases function and the factors that influence their activity are still areas of active research.