dihydrocodeïne

Dihydrocodeïne is a semi-synthetic opioid analgesic derived from codeine through hydrogenation. It is used in some countries for the relief of moderate pain and, in certain formulations, as an antitussive. Like other opioids, its effects result from activation of mu-opioid receptors in the central nervous system.

Pharmacology and metabolism: Dihydrocodeïne is metabolized in the liver to active metabolites that contribute to its analgesic and antitussive effects. Genetic variation in metabolic enzymes, particularly CYP2D6, can lead to differences in efficacy and the risk of adverse effects among individuals.

Medical use and forms: It is typically prescribed in oral tablet or liquid form, alone or in fixed-dose combinations with acetaminophen (paracetamol) or other analgesics. Availability and indications vary by country, and in many jurisdictions it is a controlled, prescription-only substance due to the potential for misuse.

Safety and regulation: Dihydrocodeïne shares the risks common to opioids, including drowsiness, nausea, constipation, and the potential for tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal. Overdose can cause serious respiratory depression. It should be used with caution alongside alcohol or central nervous system depressants and in people with certain medical conditions or a history of substance use disorder. Regulatory controls commonly restrict its prescription, dispensing, and monitoring.

See also: codeine, morphine.