differensialtransducere

Differensialtransducere, or differential transducer, is a sensor that converts a differential physical quantity into an electrical signal. The measured quantity is the difference between two simultaneous inputs, such as two pressures, two temperatures, or two electrical voltages. The device typically uses paired sensing elements and a differential signal processing stage to produce an output proportional to the difference, while rejecting common-mode disturbances.

Operation relies on two sensing elements that respond to their respective inputs. The signals are compared by a differential amplifier or similar circuitry, and the result is conditioned for calibration, temperature compensation, and linearization. Outputs are commonly analog, such as 0–5 V or 4–20 mA, but digital formats (e.g., over CAN or RS-485) are also available. Differential sensing improves noise immunity and reduces errors caused by wiring, grounding, or environmental fluctuations.

Common types include differential pressure transducers, which measure the pressure difference across a flow element, and differential temperature or displacement transducers, which gauge differences between two reference points. Differential transducers are widely used in process control, fluid dynamics, HVAC, automotive systems, aerospace, and laboratory instrumentation.

Advantages of differential transducers include better common-mode rejection and improved accuracy in noisy environments. They often require two process connections or sensing paths, which can increase complexity and cost. Proper installation, calibration, and electrical isolation are important for achieving reliable differential measurements.