diethylæther

Diethyl ether, also known as ethoxyethane (Diethylether in German), is a volatile, colorless liquid used primarily as an organic solvent. It has a distinctive odor and high flammability. The chemical formula is C4H10O, and the molecule consists of two ethyl groups connected by an oxygen atom (ethoxyethane).

Production and properties. Industrially, diethyl ether is produced by acid-catalyzed dehydration of ethanol, typically with sulfuric acid, followed by distillation to separate the ether from water and other byproducts. It is characterized by a low boiling point of about 34.6 °C, a density around 0.713 g/mL at 20 °C, and high vapor pressure. It is miscible with many organic solvents such as ethanol, acetone, and benzene, but is only sparingly soluble in water. It is highly flammable and its vapors can form explosive mixtures with air.

Applications and history. Diethyl ether has long been used as a solvent in chemical synthesis and as a stabilizing medium for extraction and purification processes. Historically, it served as a general anesthetic in medicine, beginning in the mid-19th century. Due to its flammability, volatility, and potential toxic effects, its medical use has declined in favor of safer agents. It remains widespread in laboratories and industry as a versatile solvent for fats, waxes, oils, and resins.

Safety and handling. Ether vapors can travel and ignite from distant ignition sources; exposure can cause dizziness, drowsiness, or unconsciousness. It can form peroxides during storage, requiring proper containment and stabilizers. Containers should be kept cool, well-ventilated, and away from oxidizers or heat sources. Proper precautions are essential in handling and storage.