dialüüsivedelik

Dialüüsivedelik, also known as dialysate, is a crucial component in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, two common methods of treating kidney failure. Its primary function is to draw waste products and excess fluid from the blood or peritoneal cavity. The composition of dialysate is carefully controlled to facilitate this process safely and effectively.

Dialysate typically consists of purified water, electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, and a buffer, commonly bicarbonate or lactate. Glucose is often included in the dialysate to prevent excessive loss of glucose from the blood. The precise concentration of these components is tailored to the individual patient's needs and is determined by the nephrologist. The dialysate is prepared sterilely and at a controlled temperature before administration. During dialysis, the dialysate flows through a dialyzer (in hemodialysis) or bathes the peritoneal cavity (in peritoneal dialysis), separated from the patient's blood by a semipermeable membrane. This membrane allows small molecules like urea and creatinine to pass from the blood into the dialysate, while essential substances like red blood cells and large proteins remain in the blood. The concentration gradients between the blood and dialysate drive the diffusion of waste products. Simultaneously, excess fluid is removed through ultrafiltration, a process driven by a pressure gradient.