deviationism

Deviationism refers to the act or process of departing from an established norm, doctrine, or course of action. In various contexts, it can denote a divergence from political ideology, religious tenets, artistic conventions, or scientific theories. The term often carries a negative connotation, implying a deviation that is considered incorrect, undesirable, or even heretical by those who adhere to the established standard.

Historically, deviationism has been a significant concept in political discourse, particularly within communist and socialist movements. Parties and states often viewed deviation from the party line or Marxist-Leninist ideology as a threat to unity and revolutionary progress. Those accused of deviationism might be criticized, purged, or exiled. The concept of "right deviationism" or "left deviationism" were common labels used to categorize perceived ideological errors.

In religious contexts, deviationism can refer to beliefs or practices that stray from orthodox doctrines. Individuals or groups deemed to be deviating from established religious teachings might be considered heretics or schismatics, leading to excommunication or the formation of new religious sects.

The perception of deviationism is inherently subjective and depends on the prevailing norms and power structures of a given group or society. What one group considers a legitimate evolution or reform, another might label as deviationism. The term highlights the tension between conformity and dissent, tradition and innovation.