desoxyribonucleotides

Desoxyribonucleotides are the building blocks of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the molecule that carries genetic information in all living organisms. Each desoxyribonucleotide consists of three components: a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The deoxyribose sugar is a five-carbon sugar that lacks an oxygen atom at the 2' position, distinguishing it from ribose, the sugar found in ribonucleotides. The phosphate group provides the backbone of the DNA molecule, linking the nucleotides together through phosphodiester bonds. The nitrogenous bases are organic molecules that pair specifically with each other: adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G). This base pairing is fundamental to DNA's role in genetic information storage and transmission. Desoxyribonucleotides are synthesized through a series of biochemical reactions involving nucleoside monophosphates, which are then polymerized to form DNA strands. The sequence of desoxyribonucleotides along the DNA strand determines the genetic code, which is read by ribosomes during protein synthesis.