descriptivus

Descriptivus is a coined term used in linguistic and related scholarly discussions to denote a descriptive orientation toward language research. It describes a stance that aims to document and analyze how language is actually used in real speech and writing, without endorsing or condemning those uses.

Etymology and scope: The form is Latin in origin, with descriptivus meaning descriptive. In English-language scholarship it functions as a label for a descriptive approach to language study. It is not a standard term in core linguistics journals, but it appears in theoretical discussions and comparative writings as a way to indicate adherence to description over prescription.

Methods and domains: A descriptivus approach relies on empirical data, including corpus analysis, fieldwork with speakers, and observational studies of dialectal variation, grammar, lexicon, and pronunciation. It emphasizes describing linguistic patterns, frequencies, and variation across contexts rather than prescribing normative rules. The focus is often on documenting diversity across registers, social groups, and geographical regions.

Relationship to prescriptivism and debates: Descriptivus stands in contrast to prescriptivism, which seeks to regulate language use through rules and norms. Critics of descriptivus argue that description alone can overlook social values or the needs of marginalized communities, while proponents contend that accurate description is essential for understanding language, informing education, lexicography, and policy, and for self-consistent theoretical models.

See also: Descriptive linguistics, Prescriptivism, Descriptivist.