dentiinis

Dentiinis is a term used in some languages to denote dentin, the mineralized tissue that forms the bulk of a tooth beneath the enamel. In English-language dentistry the term dentin (or dentine) is standard, but dentiinis may appear in regional or linguistic contexts to describe the same tissue.

Dentin consists of about one third organic material, predominantly type I collagen, and two thirds mineral content, mainly hydroxyapatite, with a smaller fraction of water. A hallmark of dentin is the presence of dentinal tubules, microscopic channels that extend from the outer pulp chamber toward the enamel-dentin junction. These tubules contain extracellular fluid and the cytoplasmic processes of odontoblasts, the cells that generate dentin.

Formation and variation: Dentin is produced by odontoblasts during dentinogenesis. Primary dentin forms before tooth eruption and establishes the shape of the tooth. After eruption, secondary dentin forms slowly, continuing throughout life. In response to decay, wear, or injury, tertiary (reparative) dentin can be laid down to protect the pulp. Mantle dentin lies just beneath the enamel, while circumpulpal dentin comprises most of the tissue. Aging and caries can cause changes such as sclerotic dentin, where tubules become occluded.

Function and clinical relevance: Dentin provides structural support to enamel and absorbs masticatory forces, while its tubules confer sensory potential; fluid movement within tubules can transmit stimuli, leading to dentin hypersensitivity. In dentistry, preserving dentin and sealing tubules through bonding or restorative procedures helps reduce sensitivity and protect the pulp.