deglució

Deglución, commonly referred to as swallowing, is a complex physiological process that involves the coordinated movement of muscles and structures within the mouth, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus to transport food and liquids from the oral cavity to the stomach. This essential function enables effective digestion and nutrition.

The process of deglución is typically divided into three phases: the oral phase, the pharyngeal phase, and the esophageal phase. The oral phase is voluntary, during which the tongue manipulates food into a bolus and propels it towards the back of the mouth. The pharyngeal phase is involuntary and involves the reflexive closure of the airway to prevent aspiration, with the bolus passing through the pharynx. The esophageal phase also occurs involuntarily, as the esophageal muscles propel the bolus downward toward the stomach through peristaltic movements.

Deglución relies on the precise coordination of multiple muscles and nerve pathways, primarily involving the glossopharyngeal, vagus, trigeminal, and hypoglossal nerves. Disruptions in these processes can lead to swallowing disorders known as dysphagia, which may result from neurological conditions, structural abnormalities, or muscular dysfunction.

Understanding deglución is vital in clinical settings, especially in diagnosing and managing conditions that impair swallowing. Effective assessment and intervention can significantly improve quality of life for individuals with dysphagia, reducing risks such as aspiration pneumonia and nutritional deficiencies.