dózisforma

Dózisforma, or dosage form, is the physical form in which a drug is produced for administration to a patient. It includes tablets, capsules, solutions, suspensions, injectables, transdermal patches, inhalers, creams, gels, suppositories, and similar presentations. The dosage form determines how a drug is delivered, including the route of administration, release characteristics, stability, dosing accuracy, taste, and patient acceptability. The choice of dosage form affects bioavailability and how quickly a therapeutic effect is achieved, as well as how the product is stored and handled.

Active pharmaceutical ingredients are combined with excipients—binders, fillers, disintegrants, lubricants, stabilizers, colorants, and flavorings—to produce a usable form. Excipients influence manufacturability, shelf life, and patient experience. Dosage forms are selected based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations, the disease state, patient factors (age, swallowing ability, vision, dexterity), and the intended setting (home vs. clinical). Classifications follow routes of administration, such as oral, topical, parenteral, inhalation, nasal, ocular, vaginal, and rectal, as well as site-specific forms like implants or controlled-release systems. Regulatory standards in many countries are set by pharmacopeias and guidelines that define quality attributes (content uniformity, disintegration and dissolution, stability, sterility where applicable, microbial limits) and require good manufacturing practices. The term dózisforma is used in Hungarian pharmaceutical literature to denote the dosage form, aligning with international terminology while reflecting linguistic usage. Advances in dosage forms include modified-release technologies, targeted delivery, and novel delivery systems that aim to improve efficacy, safety, and patient adherence.