cytochemistry

Cytochemistry is the study of the chemical composition and processes within cells. It focuses on identifying and localizing specific chemicals, such as enzymes, lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, within cellular structures. This field is essential for understanding cellular functions, diagnosing diseases, and advancing medical research. Cytochemical techniques often involve staining cells with specific dyes that bind to particular molecules. For example, the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain is used to detect carbohydrates, while Sudan stains are used for lipids. Immunohistochemistry, which uses antibodies to detect specific antigens, is another important cytochemical technique. Applications of cytochemistry include the diagnosis of diseases like cancer, where abnormal enzyme levels can be detected. It is also used in researching cellular processes and developing new treatments. Additionally, cytochemistry plays a vital role in forensics and environmental studies.