cynnicism

Cynicism is a philosophical school originating in ancient Greece. The name derives from the Greek word kynikos, meaning "dog-like." This term was originally used as an insult by detractors of the early Cynics, but they embraced it. The most famous Cynic philosopher was Diogenes of Sinope.

Cynics believed that the purpose of life was to live in virtue and in agreement with nature. They argued that social conventions, wealth, power, and fame were ultimately superficial and hindrances to a virtuous life. Instead, they advocated for a life of simplicity, self-sufficiency, and freedom from external desires and societal norms.

Key tenets of Cynicism include a rejection of conventional morality, a disdain for social customs, and a focus on self-control and resilience. Cynics often expressed their views through provocative actions and public displays, aiming to shock people into questioning their own values and beliefs. They saw themselves as "dogs" in the sense of being shameless and independent, barking out truths that society preferred to ignore.

While Cynicism as a formal philosophical school eventually faded, its influence persisted. Its emphasis on living in accordance with nature and its critique of societal artifice resonated with later philosophical and religious movements, including Stoicism and aspects of early Christian thought. The term "cynicism" has also evolved in modern usage to describe a general distrust or skepticism of others' motives and sincerity.