crosskoupled

Cross-coupling is a chemical reaction used in organic synthesis to form new carbon-carbon bonds. It is a type of coupling reaction, where two organic fragments are joined together. The term "cross-coupling" refers to the fact that the two fragments come from different starting materials, as opposed to homocoupling, where both fragments come from the same starting material. The most common cross-coupling reactions are those involving palladium catalysts, such as the Suzuki, Stille, and Heck reactions. These reactions are widely used in the synthesis of complex organic molecules, including pharmaceuticals and materials. The cross-coupling reaction is typically carried out under mild conditions, with the palladium catalyst facilitating the transfer of a carbon fragment from one molecule to another. The reaction is often carried out in the presence of a base, such as potassium carbonate, to deprotonate the starting material and generate a reactive intermediate. The cross-coupling reaction is a powerful tool in organic synthesis, allowing for the efficient and selective formation of carbon-carbon bonds.