cranesbill

Crane's-bill, or cranesbill, is the common name for plants in the genus Geranium, in the family Geraniaceae. The name derives from the long, beak-like fruiting capsule that resembles a crane's bill. In gardening, cranesbills typically refer to hardy, perennial geraniums grown in temperate regions, and are distinguished from the annual pelargoniums often sold as "geraniums."

Description: Most cranesbills are herbaceous perennials (some evergreen in mild climates). Leaves are typically palmately lobed. Flowers are five-petaled and appear in spring to early summer in colors such as pink, purple, red, and white. Some cultivars are low-growing groundcovers, while others are taller and meadow-like. The fruit is a long, beak-shaped schizocarp that ejects seeds, giving the plant its name.

Habitat and cultivation: Native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, cranesbills have been widely cultivated worldwide. They prefer well-drained soil rich in organic matter and tolerate sun to light shade. They are hardy and usually low-maintenance; division every few years helps maintain vigor.

Pests and diseases: Slugs and snails commonly damage foliage; powdery mildew can occur in humid conditions. Good air circulation and careful watering help reduce problems.

Notable species: Geranium pratense (meadow cranesbill), Geranium macrorrhizum (big-root cranesbill), and Geranium sanguineum (blood-red cranesbill) are among the commonly grown representatives. Distinguishing note: true cranesbills are in the genus Geranium, while pelargoniums belong to a different genus and are often sold as geraniums in gardens.