coracoïde

The coracoïde is a bony process located on the scapula, or shoulder blade, of many vertebrates, including humans. It is a prominent, hook-shaped projection that extends from the superior and anterior aspect of the scapula. The name "coracoïde" originates from the Greek word "korax," meaning crow, due to its resemblance to a crow's beak.

In humans, the coracoïde serves as an important attachment point for several muscles and ligaments that are crucial for shoulder and arm movement. These include the coracobrachialis muscle, the short head of the biceps brachii muscle, and the coracoclavicular ligaments, which connect the coracoid process to the clavicle (collarbone). The coracoïde also plays a role in stabilizing the shoulder joint.

The size and shape of the coracoïde process can vary among different species. In birds, for example, the coracoïde is typically larger and more robust, forming a vital part of the pectoral girdle that supports the powerful flight muscles. In some mammals, it is more fused with the scapula. Studying the coracoïde provides insights into the biomechanics and evolutionary adaptations of the pectoral limb across the animal kingdom.