contrivances

Contrivance refers to a device, mechanism, or scheme devised to achieve a particular end. The noun derives from the verb contrive, from Latin contrivēre “to find a way,” and has been used since at least the 16th century to describe clever inventions or schemes.

In engineering and design, a contrivance is any mechanism or arrangement of parts that enables a task to be performed. Examples include levers, pulleys, gears, cams, linkages, and other mechanisms. Contrivances may be simple, such as a wedge or screw, or complex assemblies in machines, vehicles, or consumer devices. Their defining feature is purposeful functionality rather than mere ornament.

In literature and film, a contrivance is a plot device or narrative trick intended to advance the story, resolve problems, or create suspense. Common plot contrivances include coincidences, mistaken identities, near-misses, or a deus ex machina that resolves conflicting strands unexpectedly. Critics often regard excessive or implausible plot contrivances as undermining verisimilitude, though skilled writers use them deliberately to structure pacing or thematic commentary.

In everyday language, contrivances can carry a neutral or slightly pejorative connotation, signaling a clever but potentially contrived solution, or a device that seems artificially implanted to achieve a desired effect. In engineering, contrivances are evaluated for efficiency, reliability, manufacturability, and safety. Across contexts, the concept highlights human ingenuity in devising tools and strategies to overcome constraints.