contactallergy

Contact allergy, also known as allergic contact dermatitis, is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction of the skin to specific substances. It occurs when the immune system overreacts to an allergen that has come into contact with the skin. The reaction is not immediate, typically appearing 24 to 72 hours after exposure. Common allergens include metals like nickel and cobalt, fragrances, preservatives found in cosmetics and personal care products, rubber compounds, and certain plants like poison ivy.

The hallmark symptom of contact allergy is eczema, characterized by itchy, red, and sometimes blistering skin at the site of contact. The rash can spread beyond the initial area and may be accompanied by swelling, dryness, and scaling. The severity of the reaction depends on the individual's sensitivity and the amount of allergen exposure. Diagnosis usually involves a thorough medical history and a patch test, where small amounts of suspected allergens are applied to the skin under adhesive patches and observed for a reaction over several days.

Management focuses on avoiding the identified allergen. Once sensitized, individuals may remain allergic to the substance for life. Topical corticosteroids are often prescribed to reduce inflammation and itching. In severe cases, oral corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive medications may be necessary. Prevention involves recognizing and avoiding known triggers and being mindful of product ingredients.