colonoscopie

Colonoscopie, also known as colonoscopy, is a medical procedure that uses a flexible endoscope to examine the lining of the colon and rectum. It allows direct visualization and, if needed, therapeutic interventions.

Indications include colorectal cancer screening in adults, evaluation of symptoms such as rectal bleeding or anemia, chronic abdominal pain, and surveillance in inflammatory bowel disease or after polyps.

During the procedure, a gastroenterologist or surgeon inserts the colonoscope through the anus and advances it through the colon while insufflating air or carbon dioxide to improve visibility. The lining is inspected, and biopsies may be taken. Polyps can be removed, and other treatments such as dilation may be performed. The examination typically lasts 30 to 60 minutes and is usually performed under sedation or anesthesia.

Preparation involves bowel cleansing with prescribed laxatives and a clear-liquid diet for 24 to 48 hours before the test, with instructions to fast as required. Some medications may be paused. Patients should arrange transportation after the procedure.

Risks are uncommon but can include bleeding, perforation, infection, and adverse reactions to sedation. Contraindications include signs of perforation, toxic megacolon, severe active colitis, or other unstable conditions; the decision is individualized.

After the procedure, recovery is monitored until effects of sedation wear off. Outcomes are reported after the examination; pathology results guide follow-up. If polyps are removed, surveillance intervals are adjusted; if no abnormalities are found, routine screening intervals apply according to guidelines.

Alternatives to colonoscopy include sigmoidoscopy, CT colonography, or non-invasive fecal tests, which may be used for preliminary screening or when colonoscopy is not feasible.