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Circulation refers to the continuous movement of a fluid, such as blood or air, within a closed system. In biology, the most prominent example is blood circulation, driven by the heart, which transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body. This vital process ensures that all cells receive the necessary substances for survival and function, while also removing metabolic byproducts.

In meteorology, atmospheric circulation describes the large-scale movement of air in the Earth's atmosphere. This includes phenomena like wind patterns, jet streams, and the formation of weather systems. Atmospheric circulation plays a crucial role in distributing heat and moisture across the globe, influencing climate patterns and weather events.

Beyond these biological and meteorological contexts, the term circulation can also apply to the movement of other substances. For instance, in hydrology, river circulation describes the flow of water within a river system. In economics, the circulation of money refers to the flow of currency through the economy. The fundamental concept remains the ongoing movement of something within a defined space or system, often with a purpose or consequence.