ciklohexánt

Cyclohexane is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula C6H12. It is a colorless liquid at room temperature, with a characteristic odor often described as sweet or turpentine-like. Cyclohexane is a nonpolar molecule and is insoluble in water, but it is miscible with many organic solvents such as ethanol and diethyl ether.

Industrially, cyclohexane is produced primarily by the catalytic hydrogenation of benzene. This process involves reacting benzene with hydrogen gas in the presence of a metal catalyst, typically nickel or platinum, at elevated temperatures and pressures. The main application of cyclohexane is as a precursor in the production of nylon. It is oxidized to a mixture of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone, often referred to as "KA oil" (ketone-alcohol oil). This mixture is then further processed to adipic acid, a key monomer for nylon 6,6, or caprolactam, the monomer for nylon 6.

Cyclohexane itself can be used as a solvent in various applications, including the production of certain lacquers, paints, and resins. It is also used as a recrystallization solvent in organic chemistry laboratories. In terms of safety, cyclohexane is flammable and its vapors can form explosive mixtures with air. It is also considered a mild irritant to the skin and eyes, and prolonged or repeated exposure can cause central nervous system depression, leading to symptoms such as dizziness, headache, and nausea. Proper ventilation and handling procedures are essential when working with cyclohexane.