chronickém

Chronickým is the instrumental singular form of the Czech adjective chronický, meaning chronic or long-standing. It is used when the adjective modifies a noun in the instrumental case, for example to indicate means, manner, or circumstance.

Morphology and usage notes: In Czech, adjectives agree with the noun in gender, number, and case. The instrumental singular feminine form is chronickou, while masculine and neuter use chronickým. The instrumental plural requires the ending chronickými. Examples include chronickým onemocněním (with a chronic illness), chronickým podfinancováním (by chronic underfunding), and related phrases where the noun is in the instrumental case.

Common contexts: Chronický is frequently used in medical language to describe diseases or conditions that persist over time, such as chronické onemocnění or chronický stav. Beyond medicine, it appears in discussions of long-term or persistent phenomena, for example chronickým problémům or chronickým problémem, depending on the syntactic role of the noun.

Etymology and meaning: The word chronický derives from the Greek chronos, meaning time, and entered Czech through Latin and other European languages. It conveys a sense of duration and persistence rather than temporary or acute states.

Examples (illustrative): Pacient žije s chronickým onemocněním. Projekt se potýká s chronickým podfinancováním. Chronickým způsobem se často popisuje dlouhodobý trend v datech. Note that feminine forms differ, with chronická used in nominative feminine and chronickou in instrumental feminine.

See also: chronický, chronic disease, chronic condition.