cholestasele

Cholestasis refers to a condition where bile flow from the liver to the small intestine is impaired. Bile is a digestive fluid produced by the liver that helps break down fats and eliminate waste products from the body. When bile flow is obstructed or slowed, bile pigments, particularly bilirubin, can build up in the bloodstream, leading to jaundice, a yellowing of the skin and eyes.

Cholestasis can arise from various causes, broadly categorized into intrahepatic and extrahepatic. Intrahepatic cholestasis originates within the liver itself, potentially due to liver diseases like hepatitis, cirrhosis, or certain medications. Genetic conditions and pregnancy-related cholestasis are also forms of intrahepatic cholestasis. Extrahepatic cholestasis involves blockages in the bile ducts outside the liver, such as gallstones, tumors in the bile ducts or pancreas, or inflammation of the bile ducts (cholangitis).

Symptoms of cholestasis can vary depending on the underlying cause and severity, but commonly include jaundice, intense itching (pruritus), pale stools, dark urine, abdominal pain, and in some cases, fever. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, blood tests to assess liver function and bilirubin levels, and imaging studies like ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI to visualize the bile ducts. Treatment strategies focus on addressing the root cause of the bile flow obstruction and managing symptoms.