chlorpyrifosmethyl

Chlorpyrifosmethyl is an organophosphate insecticide. It is used to control a wide range of insect pests in agricultural settings, including on fruits, vegetables, and stored grains. It is also used in some public health applications to control disease vectors. The chemical works by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme essential for nerve function in insects. This inhibition leads to an accumulation of acetylcholine, resulting in overstimulation of the nervous system and eventual death of the insect.

The compound is a pale yellow to brown liquid with a mild odor. It is typically formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate or a wettable powder. While effective against many pests, its use has been subject to increasing regulatory scrutiny due to concerns about its potential impact on human health and the environment. Studies have investigated its neurotoxicity, particularly in developing organisms, and its persistence in the environment. Many countries and regions have implemented restrictions or outright bans on its use.

Chlorpyrifosmethyl is metabolized in both insects and mammals. In mammals, it is primarily broken down in the liver. Exposure can occur through inhalation, dermal contact, or ingestion. Symptoms of acute exposure in humans can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, and respiratory distress. Long-term or chronic exposure has been linked to potential neurological effects. Due to these concerns, alternative pest control methods are being explored and promoted.