chlorinechemical

Chlorine chemical refers to chlorine and chlorine-containing substances used in industry, disinfection, and manufacturing. Chlorine (Cl), atomic number 17, is a highly reactive halogen. At room temperature it is a pale green gas with a pungent odor and it forms a wide range of compounds. In industry, chlorine is largely produced by the electrolysis of concentrated sodium chloride solution in the chlor-alkali process, which yields chlorine gas, sodium hydroxide, and hydrogen. In nature, chlorine occurs mainly as chloride minerals and is abundant in seawater.

Chlorine chemistry spans multiple oxidation states from -1 to +7; the -1 state is common in chlorides, while higher oxidation states underpin oxidizing reactions and the production of hypochlorites and chlorinated organics. The most important commercial uses are water disinfection (drinking water and pools), pulp bleaching, and the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. Chlorine also serves as a feedstock for chlorinated solvents, agrochemicals, and various specialty chemicals.

Common chlorine chemicals include chlorine gas, sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, and a range of chlorinated organics and solvents. The chlorine segment also encompasses many disinfectants and bleaching agents used in industry and households.

Safety and environmental aspects: chlorine and many chlorine compounds are corrosive and toxic; exposure can damage the respiratory tract and eyes. Handling requires proper containment and ventilation. Environmental concerns include potential ozone depletion from chlorine-containing emissions and the persistence and toxicity of some organochlorines in ecosystems.

History: chlorine was observed by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1774 and was later identified as an element and named by Humphry Davy in 1810.